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| Greater Nepal |
Map of Greater Nepal: Journey through time and explore the fascinating tale of Greater Nepal, a united Nepal that existed before the Sugauli Treaty. This extraordinary era witnessed Nepal's borders extend far beyond their current boundaries, encompassing territories that were later ceded. Join us as we delve into the captivating history of Greater Nepal, tracing its roots and understanding its significance.
Nepal's Remarkable Legacy
The Birthplace of Legends
Nestled amidst the majestic Himalayas, Nepal has earned its reputation as the "roof of the world." It boasts the remarkable Mount Everest, the highest peak on Earth, and is revered as the birthplace of Gautam Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. However, Nepal's rich heritage goes beyond geographical wonders and spiritual enlightenment.
The Brave Gurkhas and their Indomitable Spirit
Notably, Nepal holds a remarkable distinction in history – it remained unconquered during the era of the British Empire. The legendary Gurkhas, known for their unwavering courage and valor, fiercely defended Nepal against British forces. Their incredible feats in battle became synonymous with Nepal's resilience and independence.
Also, Read: Greater Nepal Map: Greater Nepal's Map Installed at Balendra Shah's Office
The Era of Kirat Dynasty
Nepal's Ancient Borders
During the reign of the Kirat dynasty, spanning from 800 BCE to 300 CE, Nepal's kingdom boasted well-defined borders. To gain a deeper understanding of Greater Nepal's origins, let's explore the geographical extent during the Kirat era:
- Eastern Border: Kamaru Kamakshya
- Southern Border: Pataliputra Katur
- Western Border: Kangada
The Rise of Lichhavis and the Divided Kingdom
As the Kirat dynasty approached its end, a new chapter in Nepal's history unfolded with the emergence of the Lichhavis. However, this transition marked a period of division, fragmenting Nepal into 53 separate entities. Amidst the fragmented landscape, it was Prithivi Narayan Shah who embarked on the mission to reunite and establish Greater Nepal.
The Road to Unification: Tracing Nepal's Expansion
Prithivi Narayan Shah and the Beginnings of Unification
In 1799 BS (1743 AD), Prithivi Narayan Shah ascended the throne of Gorkha, heralding a new era in Nepal's history. His reign marked the beginning of the unification movement, laying the foundation for Greater Nepal's resurgence. Let's uncover the significant milestones along this remarkable journey:
- 1800 BS (1744 AD): Nuwakot Attack and the Commencement of Unification
- 1819 BS (1763 AD): Annexation of Makwanpur
- 1823 BS (1766 AD): Annexation of Kirtipur
- 1825 BS (1768 AD): Annexation of Kantipur and Lalitpur
- 1826 BS (1769 AD): Annexation of Bhaktapur, Establishing Kathmandu as the Capital
- 1830 BS (1774 AD): Annexation of Chaudandi
- 1831 BS (1775 AD): Annexation of Bijayapur
- 1831 BS (1775 AD): Demise of Prithivi Narayan Shah, Succeeded by Pratap Sing Shah
The Reign of Pratap Sing Shah and the Continuing Quest
Following Prithivi Narayan Shah's passing, Pratap Sing Shah assumed the throne and carried forward the legacy of unification. Under his leadership, Greater Nepal expanded even further:
- 1831 BS - 1834 BS (1775 AD - 1777 AD): Annexation of Chitwan
- 1834 BS (1777 AD): Death of Pratap Shah, Queen Mother Rajendra Lakshmi Assumes Power
The Era of Bahadur Shah and the Final Stages of Unification
With the ascension of Bahadur Shah, the youngest son of Prithivi Narayan Shah, the final stages of unification were set in motion. His reign witnessed numerous victories and extended the borders of Greater Nepal:
- 1842 BS (1785 AD): Annexation of Lamjung, Tanahun, and Kaski (24 Principalities / Chaubise rajya)
- 1842 BS (1785 AD): Death of Rajendra Laxmi, Bahadur Shah Resumes Rule on Behalf of Rana Bahadur Shah
- 1842 BS - 1844 BS (1785 AD - 1787 AD): Expansion to the Tista River in the East and Conquest of 24 Principalities in the West
- 1844 BS - 1847 BS (1787 AD - 1790 AD): Victory over 22 Principalities, Conquest of Karnali Region (including Jumla and Doti), and Western Border Extension to the Mahakali River
- 1847 BS (1790 AD): Annexation of Kumaon
- 1848 BS (1791 AD): Victory in Gadhwal
However, due to the Nepal-Tibet war, the unification process came to a halt concerning Kumaon and Gadhwal.
Legacy Continues: The Unification Campaign Resumes
Following Bahadur Shah's death, Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa and Commander Amar Singh Thapa spearheaded the ongoing unification campaign. Notable milestones during this phase included:
- 1861 BS (1804 AD): Annexation of Kumaon and Gadhwal, Expanding the Border to the Jamuna River in the West
- 1861 BS (1804 AD): Annexation of Thakurai States, Lying Between the Jamuna and Sutluj Rivers
- 1863 BS (1806 AD): Attack on Kangada City, Consolidating the Western Border at the Sutluj River
The Aftermath and Current Borders
The East India Company's Encounter
In 1871 BS (1814 AD), the East India Company launched a war against Greater Nepal. They attacked Nepal from five different points, setting the stage for a monumental clash. Let's explore the outcome:
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| Greater Nepal Map |
- 1871 BS - 1872 BS (1814 AD - 1816 AD): War Between the East India Company and Nepal, Nepal's Victory at Three Points and Defeat at Two
- 1872 BS (1816 AD): The Sugauli Treaty Initiated Between Nepal and the East India Company
The Modern-Day Nepal
Following the completion of the Sugauli Treaty, Nepal experienced territorial adjustments, ultimately leading to the formation of the present-day Nepal. The current borders of Nepal are as follows:
- East: Mechi River
- West: Mahakali River
- Subheading: Rediscovering Greater Nepal's Extent
To comprehend the magnitude of Greater Nepal, it is crucial to examine the area it encompassed:
- Area of Nepal: 147,516* km2
- Area Lost by Nepal: Approximately 105,000 km2
- Total Area of Greater Nepal: Approximately 252,181 km2
- Greater Nepal: 60% Larger than Nepal = 147,181 * 1.6 = 235,489.6 km2 (Approx.)
*Note: The Government of Nepal unveiled a new political map on May 20, 2020, incorporating Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura within Nepal's borders. This addition expanded Nepal's area by 335 square kilometers. The original area of Nepal was 147,181 square kilometers, which has now increased to 147,516 square kilometers.
Map of Greater Nepal:
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| Map of Greater Nepal |
Conclusion:
Greater Nepal stands as a testament to Nepal's history, valor, and unyielding spirit. Although the territorial boundaries have evolved over time, the legacy of this extraordinary era continues to inspire and captivate us. By uncovering the past, we gain a deeper appreciation for Nepal's rich heritage and the enduring quest for unity and independence.
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